N2 essential words
& phrases

To rephrase or put into other words.

One’s side of the story, claim, or objection.

Indescribable, beyond words, or impossible to articulate.

Needless to say; it goes without saying.

indeed; truly; quintessentially

Reason for living or purpose in life.

To be thorough, attentive, or meticulous in every detail

A physical dead end or a figurative impasse.

To spread thoroughly to reach everyone or every part

Traditional Japanese flower arrangement

Brave, valiant, or stirring.

Inheritance, legacy, or cultural heritage passed down from the past.

Stubbornness, pride, or determination.

Any one of; either (formal)

Dependence or reliance, ranging from necessary support to addiction.

Clinical addiction or dependence

To arrive at a destination or reach a specific state or conclusion.

Everywhere, all over the place, or throughout an area.

Strawberry

Lump sum or one-time payment

Significant, remarkable, or strikingly obvious.

Defining the position, role, or status of something within a specific context.

Promptly; ahead of others

Stomach and intestines; gastrointestinal tract.

A series, chain, or sequence

At first glance, seemingly; a single look.

Detached single-family house

Wholeheartedly; with single-minded focus

All the more, even more; a single layer.

Counter for pairs of footwear or being one step ahead

Relocation of a business or facility, or the formal transfer of rights.

Intentional or deliberate

Personnel transfer or change in assignment

Physical whereabouts or a place of belonging

To act arrogantly, be bossy, or throw one’s weight around

An unusual accident, disaster, or abnormal change.

Illegal; against the law

Family living room.

before long or sooner or later, often implying a warning or certainty

Potato, yam, or tuber; slang for uncool or tacky

A formal term for medical drugs or pharmaceuticals.

Unpleasant, malicious, or sexually lewd.

Will, drive, or ambition to act.

Clothing and apparel viewed as a category of goods or industry.

Clothing and apparel items viewed as commercial merchandise.

Large rock, boulder, or crag

A sense of incongruity or feeling that something is strange, wrong, or out of place.

so to speak; as it were

Gloomy, somber, or depressing atmosphere or personality

To deliberately make a strong impression or imprint on the mind

quotation or citation

A physical or figurative pulling force, such as gravity or magnetism.

Starvation or a deep, desperate craving

To starve; to crave or hunger for.

To rise to the surface, emerge into light, or visually stand out.

To float an object, show a facial expression, or bring to mind.

To float, come loose, be out of place, or remain as surplus.

To take over a business or property, or to carry on a tradition or legacy.

To become weak, diluted, or faint in concentration or intensity.

To dilute a liquid or reduce the intensity of a quality, color, or feeling.

To gradually fade, diminish, or lose intensity

doubtful, questionable, or suspicious

To launch into the air, wash ashore, or wrap up a project.

To cut short, discontinue, or terminate something abruptly

To deny, dispel, or cancel out.

To drive in an object, input data, or devote oneself completely to an activity.

To project, reflect, or portray.

change, transition, or shifting of the times or seasons

Physical arm; skill or ability.

To be buried, filled up, or occupied

Biological parent or the original creator of a concept

To bury, fill in a space, or make up for a deficit.

To back up, substantiate, or support with evidence.

To resent, bear a grudge, or feel deep bitterness toward someone.

Total sales revenue or amount

A direct sales pitch or self-promotion.

To actively promote, pitch, or market something or oneself.

Aimless wandering, loitering, or restless pacing.

being completely fed up with or sick of something

Commercial transportation or logistics

Video footage, visuals, or images displayed on a screen.

Animal food, feed, or bait.

Shrimp or prawn

Garden, park, or enclosed facility such as a zoo or kindergarten.

A formal term for the coast or coastal area.

Horticulture or gardening

To act, perform, or play a role.

Area situated along a railway line or route

Strong yen; appreciation of the yen against foreign currencies.

Salt content or salinity.

Weak yen or depreciation of the yen against foreign currencies

Energetic, dynamic, and full of vigor

old age or aging

The final intense push or last spurt of effort before reaching a goal.

To drive someone into a corner, put them under pressure, or make a final push to finish a task.

To bear or carry a physical load, responsibility, injury, or debt.

Receiving and dealing with visitors or customers

The majority of something, or most likely.

Drastic, substantial, or significant change

Rough, general, or approximate.

An uppercase letter, or a famous Kyoto fire festival.

To replace, substitute, or move something to a new location.

The innermost part, back, or depths of a space.

Indoors; the interior of a building or structure.

To send, dispatch, or insert into a specific location, position, or system.

To force entry or break into a place

To press firmly against a surface or to force an unwanted burden onto someone.

Bowing to show respect, gratitude, or apology

Formal year-end gift to show gratitude

traditional Japanese New Year’s dishes

Pollution or contamination.

Acting timidly or gingerly out of fear

Formal mid-year gift given to superiors or benefactors to express gratitude

A visit, or the arrival of a season or time.

To be inferior to or less good than something else.

To gradually weaken, decline, or lose vitality.

Sash, belt, or zone

To drown, or to be consumed by a vice or obsession.

On top of that; what’s more; to make matters worse

To come to mind; to occur to one; to ring a bell

Unexpected, unforeseen, or unanticipated.

To wrongly assume or firmly believe something.

To reconsider and change one’s mind.

Main street or major thoroughfare.

To highly value, honor, or place importance on.

To value, honor, or place importance on abstract concepts.

A specific occasion, chance, or physical fold.

Foolish, stupid, or lacking judgment.

Formal apology used in professional or official contexts

Benefit or blessing received from a larger source such as nature or society

Greenhouse; figuratively, a sheltered environment.

Benefactor or person to whom one is indebted

Warm or mild climate

Formal suffix for addressing an organization or department.

Mild, gentle, or moderate nature; describes climate, personality, or opinions

Visibly nervous, timid, or hesitant behavior

The worth, effect, or value derived from an effort.

General term for shellfish or seashells.

Flowers coming into bloom or the metaphorical flourishing of talent and culture.

Opening a business or professional practice

Non-medical caregiving and daily life assistance, typically for the elderly or disabled.

Buying up goods, cornering the market, or panic buying.

Collecting distributed items or recovering assets and data.

Communication line, circuit, or internet connection

Structural alteration or rebuilding of an existing building

Purchase of goods, trade-ins, or buybacks by a business

Release, liberation, or setting free from restriction.

Formal cancellation of a contract or subscription

Facial expression, look, or features

To emit a pleasant scent or be fragrant.

To hold in the arms; to bear a burden, debt, or problem; to employ or have (staff/dependents).

Regardless of; irrespective of; in spite of.

To be involved in, relate to, or concern.

Brilliant, glorious, or full of promise; typically used for significant abstract concepts like achievements, history, or a future.

Stirring a liquid, rummaging through items, or throwing a situation into confusion.

Firm conviction or unshakable certainty.

Firm establishment of a system, method, or foundation

Household finances or family budget

Household account book used to track income and expenses

To rush to the scene or come running

Physical shade, hidden actions, or a gloomy atmosphere.

Wind direction; the trend of a situation or mood

To decorate, display, or embellish one’s words and appearance

Fruit juice, particularly regarding the liquid substance or content percentage.

Excess, surplus, or an amount exceeding what is necessary.

Faint, indistinct, or meagre.

Virtual, hypothetical, or simulated as real.

One hand, or doing something as a side activity.

To tilt, lean, slant, set, or decline.

To tilt, lean, or incline something; to devote attention or effort.

Imbalance, skew, or bias.

To be unbalanced, lopsided, or biased

One’s personal sense of values or value system.

Livestock or farm animals raised for food, materials, or labor.

Liveliness or energetic atmosphere of a place or group

Sudden intense flare of anger, light, or eyes snapping open

Being no match for someone, or finding a situation unbearable.

To serve two functions or roles simultaneously, or to find something difficult or impossible to do.

Combustibles or burnable items

The lower half of the body

To protect, shield, or cover for someone

Pollen; fine powder from plants often associated with seasonal allergies.

Lower part, base, or subordinate position

Stock price

The formal term for a corporate stock or share, commonly used in official company titles.

Shareholder or stockholder

To assume a physical stance, hold ready, or set up a base.

First half of the fiscal year

To aggressively bite at or verbally lash out

Entanglement or complex involvement

To get tangled, be involved, or pick a fight

Pleasantly dry, crisp, cheerful, completely cleared, or a light clattering sound.

Borrowing money; a loan.

To wither or dry up (plants), or to become seasoned and refined (people/skills).

Skin, peel, rind, or outer wrapper.

Leather; processed animal skin.

The beginning or first instance in a series of similar events.

To exchange words, promises, or greetings with one another.

Along the river or riverside.

Alternately; by turns; in rotation

Suffix denoting a view, outlook, or appearance

Simplified, basic, or makeshift.

Concise; brief and to the point.

Perceiving or grasping subtle feelings, intentions, or cues.

Disposable dry cell battery

Completely sold out; a complete sell-out of all stock.

Signboard, main attraction, or business closing time

Traditional Japanese herbal medicine rooted in Chinese practices

Managerial position or management level

Simplification or brevity achieved by omitting details or formalities.

Formal coldness referring to climate or weather systems

A logical connection, link, or relevance between items, concepts, or events.

Dry, rough texture or a light rustling sound.

Atmospheric pressure or air pressure

Planning, a proposal, or a formal project.

Technical standard or product specification.

Entrepreneur or business founder

Formal entry, mention, or recording of information in a document

Bank, shore, or coast

A formal press conference or news conference.

Specific model or type of a machine or electronic device

Weather or atmospheric phenomena, particularly in formal or scientific contexts.

Meteorological observatory or weather station

Standard, criterion, or basis for evaluation

To build up or establish something substantial through steady effort

Official regulations or controls imposed to limit specific activities

The body or fuselage of an aircraft or machine

To forge or strengthen the body, mind, or skills through rigorous training.

Meticulous, precise, and well-organized

Precisely, tightly, or thoroughly without looseness or error.

Flatly, decisively, or with finality

startup or boot up (of a machine or software)

Mushroom

A change of pace or activity undertaken to refresh one’s mood

End of a term or period

Temporary leave of absence from school

Sudden, sharp, and drastic

Acute (sudden and severe onset; opposite of chronic).

Rapid increase or sudden surge.

Formal term for total compensation, including salary, bonuses, and allowances

Rapid pace or hurried speed, often regarding work or progress

A serious lesson or moral learned from experience or failure

A formal or reflective expression for these days or nowadays.

Teaching materials or educational resources

teaching faculty and administrative staff

Measurable strength, intensity, or structural durability

Native region or birth place

very interesting; fascinating; of deep interest

Refinement, cultivation, or sophistication.

Intense, powerful, or overwhelming

Giant, great figure, or the Yomiuri Giants baseball team.

Formal refusal, rejection, or denial.

Pristine, clear, and unpolluted, or morally pure and innocent.

Switch over, change modes, or shift one’s mindset.

Germ, bacteria, or fungus.

A safe, vault, or treasury for securing valuables.

Suburbs, outskirts, or areas surrounding a city

Soon or in the near future, primarily used in formal writing or announcements.

Formal term for money, cash, or financial matters.

Diligent, industrious, or hard-working

Official work duty, service, or employment.

Finance, banking, and the circulation of money.

Interest rate; the percentage charged on loans or earned on savings

Neighborhood, vicinity, or surrounding area

Air conditioning; climate control

Metal chain

Physically crumpled, disheveled, or emotionally frustrated.

A physical downhill slope or a figurative decline in a situation

Several people speaking simultaneously or unanimously

several people speaking at once or one after another

Lipstick

Tone of voice or manner of speaking

Standing out clearly with sharp, distinct outlines

Annoyingly repetitive, cloying, or gaudy.

A group, team, or class of people; a counter for pairs or matching sets.

To incorporate, integrate, or build into a larger system.

Scooping up liquid or grasping someone’s feelings

Total physical darkness or a metaphorical state of despair and uncertainty.

Car horn

Customer complaint regarding a product or service

System, lineage, group, or specific style/type.

Legal punishment or criminal sentence.

Formal, procedural, or done as a mere formality.

Minor injury

Bulletin board, notice board, or online forum

A formal or technical term for physical shape or form.

System, network, or lineage

Business expenses or operational costs.

Promotional giveaway, freebie, or prize

Via, through, or by way of an intermediate point

Accounting, bookkeeping, or the handling of daily financial transactions

Lightweight; light weight (often regarding products or materials)

Settlement of accounts or financial closing at the end of a fiscal period.

A literal crystal, or the figurative fruit and culmination of effort.

Decisive, conclusive, or definitive.

Blood pressure

Sign, indication, or sense of presence

Smoky and irritating to the eyes or throat

Smoky, or feeling stifled and awkward around someone.

Steep and rugged terrain, or a grim and severe expression.

Formal matter or case; counter for incidents and items

Modesty; humility; being free from arrogance.

Prefectural police force

number of cases or items

Constructive; serving to improve or build up.

Modesty or humility shown by downplaying one’s own merits.

Official title for a state-licensed architect.

Prefectural government office

Official certification exam or standard inspection

Within the range, sphere, or limits

High pressure, high voltage, or an overbearing, high-handed attitude.

Suburbs; the residential outskirts of a city.

Industrial pollution causing widespread public harm

Engineering

An economic boom or prosperous business conditions

Public utility charges for electricity, gas, and water.

A memorable sight, spectacle, or scene witnessed at a specific moment

Artistic crafts or skilled handicrafts

Plateau or highlands; often associated with cool mountain resort areas.

Corporate expenses for entertaining clients and business partners.

amount of precipitation

Impartial fairness based on strict adherence to formal rules, laws, or standards.

A beam or ray of light.

The overall vision, concept, or structural plan for a project

Structure, framework, or the way something is constructed.

Favorable condition; performing well; going smoothly.

Public, official, or governmental.

High class, high grade, or advanced.

A recreational spot or destination for leisure outings.

efficient; producing results with minimum wasted time, effort, or resources

Validity, efficacy, or legal force.

Advanced age or elderly status (formal, neutral term used in official contexts)

Formal term for an elderly person or senior citizen.

A subsidiary company controlled by a parent organization.

Petite build or small pattern

Formal business term for a client or established customer

State-run or government-managed operation

Government bonds; national debt

Conquering a difficulty, illness, or personal weakness

Official national treasure or a person of exceptional value.

To get burned, scorched, or charred

Individual, distinct units considered separately.

To thoroughly understand, bear in mind, or possess practical knowledge of.

Conscious attitude, mindset, or deliberate intention

To make a conscious effort or point of doing something.

To become numb or stiff from extreme cold

To rub, scrub, or grind against a surface; informally, to squander money.

Personal pocket money or allowance

Classic works of literature, art, or music.

Especially or particularly, used primarily in formal or literary contexts.

Formal expression indicating a cause or means, translating to by means of or due to.

Individual, separate, or case-by-case.

To spill out, overflow, or escape unintentionally

Lowercase letters of an alphabet.

A small, simple building like a hut, shed, cabin, or small theater.

Formal employment or hiring

To roll, tumble, lie down casually, or be scattered around.

Deep navy blue commonly associated with business suits and school uniforms.

This summer (formal/written)

Patience and mental stamina to continue a task

The current term, fiscal period, or season

Basis, grounds, or evidence supporting a claim

This autumn or this fall (formal/written contexts)

This spring (formal/written)

The root cause, foundation, or essential core.

Concept; a general, abstract idea or fundamental principle.

The physical exterior or the outside of a group or organization.

A general outline or summary of the main points.

Academy or educational campus

Academic ability or scholastic achievement acquired through formal study.

Rattling or clattering noises, shaky physical instability, or persistent complaining.

Academic society, association, or research conference

Noisy chatter of a crowd

Pattern, character, physical build, or a handle.

Cancer or gun

Ophthalmology or eye clinic

Solid, sturdy, and physically tough; describes rugged objects or strong bodies.

Jagged, serrated, or saw-toothed.

Making something mandatory

Sudden reversal, turnaround, or comeback victory.

Re-importing goods, culture, or talent back to their country of origin.

Type of industry or business category

Business performance, results, or professional achievements

Official business duties, operations, or tasks.

Suddenly startled or alarmed by something unpleasant

Intense, blinding glare or gaudy, aggressive ambition.

Performance, artistic skill, or trick

A general term for a celebrity or entertainer working in show business.

Dramatic, striking, or sudden, like a scene from a play.

Monthly publication

Monthly fee for lessons or extracurricular activities.

Gross monthly income.

Within the current month; by the end of the month.

Original work or source material for an adaptation.

Place of origin or native habitat.

Present point in time; as of now.

Extremely strict, secure, or rigorous.

Principle, fundamental rule, or general standard (often implying exceptions).

A limit, restriction, or exclusive availability.

Nuclear power plant; nuclear power generation

Raw, unrefined crude oil

Weight loss or reduction in quantity.

Overbearing, forcible, or pushy behavior.

Synthesis or composition; combining separate elements to form a new substance or digital composite.

Combination, union, or joint action.

Rationality, logic, or efficiency.

Streamlining operations for efficiency or rationalizing behavior

Rational, logical, and efficient; based on reason rather than emotion.

Merging of separate flows like traffic or rivers, or joining up with a group.

A reward or prize for hard work or good behavior, or a personal treat given to oneself.

To deceive, falsify, or gloss over to hide the truth.

The Olympic Games (formal/written); literally ‘five rings’

A major disaster, calamity, or catastrophe causing widespread damage.

Restarting or rebooting an electronic device.

The most; the largest number or quantity.

Grading, scoring, or marking

The best, optimal, or most suitable choice.

To be clear, vivid, sharp, or mentally alert.

A physical border, boundary, or turning point separating places or times.

Physically inverted orientation: upside down, backwards, or inside out.

To defy authority or go against a physical force or current

The difference between two monetary amounts.

Formal term indicating prior to or the other day

To feel around for something physically or to probe into a situation.

Salmon, typically referring to the fish itself or cooked dishes.

To split, tear, or burst open.

Modest and humble; detailed and attentive.

To stick into or lodge in; to hit home emotionally.

To insert something, for light to stream in, or to feel a sudden sharp pain.

To hold out, extend, submit, or offer up.

To hinder, interfere with, or cause inconvenience

Deduction, subtraction, or net balance.

To become decided, settled, or stable.

Insecticide or chemical agent designed to kill insects

Operation or functioning of a machine or mechanism

A vast, dry, sandy region; a desert.

To rust; to become rusty (of metal or a skill)

Obstacle, hindrance, or impediment.

To cool down (temperature) or lose interest/passion.

Chemical acid, or the quality of sourness and acidity.

Formal calculation of a specific figure or estimate

The chemical quality of acidity or being acidic.

Oxygen

The summit or peak of a mountain.

Obstetrics and gynecology department (OB/GYN).

A casual social club or interest group, typically at a university

History; usually a suffix indicating the history of a specific subject.

Suffix denoting a magazine or journal.

Stocking goods for business or gathering information

Ocean tide, current, or the right opportunity

Formal term for dentistry or dental, commonly seen on clinic signs.

Mechanism, device, trick, or trap.

To initiate an action, pick a fight, or set a trap

Ultraviolet rays (UV).

Refundable security deposit for a rental property

Coloring, hue, or figurative tone.

Site, grounds, or plot of land for a building

A formal, large-scale official ceremony.

Urgent or immediately (formal)

Official provision or payment of money or goods

frequently, constantly, or intensely

Funds or capital allocated for a specific purpose or project.

The start of the work or school day.

The death penalty; capital punishment.

Resources, typically natural materials or general assets.

Total financial assets and property, or a valuable personal strength.

Materials and resources for construction, manufacturing, or business operations.

A regional branch office

in history; of all time

Quietness, stillness, or serenity

To quiet; to calm; to soothe

One’s physical line of sight or the attention of others

Preliminary research or investigation conducted in advance

Tailoring, cut of clothing, or special arrangement in a specific style

Traditional working-class downtown area

Designation; specification; assignment.

Total power, control, or domination over a person, place, or situation.

first train or bus of the day

Quarter of a year; three-month financial period

Often or frequently, typically used in formal contexts

To physically tie or bind something, or to restrict actions through rules or obligations.

To go numb with pins and needles or be mesmerized by something impressive.

Astringent taste, refined understated style, or a reluctant attitude.

Formal term for paper money or banknotes

Capital, funds, or essential assets.

Capital stock; the official money invested by shareholders to found a company.

Fat or grease found in bodies and food.

Stripe or striped pattern.

Keenly, deeply, or heartily; in a quiet and reflective manner.

To soak in, sting, or deeply touch the heart

To physically lock out or socially exclude.

Unpleasantly damp or clammy, or metaphorically gloomy and melancholy.

Physical tightening or clamping, and the figurative pressure of strict rules or control.

To become damp or moist; to turn gloomy or somber.

A working adult or full member of society.

Sociality, social skills, or the aptitude for living in a group.

Social security system covering healthcare, pensions, and welfare.

Rented house

Garage or vehicle depot

Newspaper editorial or leading article expressing the publication’s official opinion

A general term for any sloped, slanted, or tilted surface.

Job hunting specifically for new graduates seeking their first employment.

Weekly publication

Weekly magazine, often covering gossip and scandals.

Formal term for the autumn season

Surrounding area, vicinity, or peripherals

Recording for media or inclusion in a collection.

Subjectivity or a personal viewpoint based on feelings rather than facts.

Reduction in size, scale, or scope

Hosting, organizing, or sponsoring an event

Gathering material or conducting interviews for media coverage

Staple food or primary carbohydrate base of a meal

The main theme or subject matter

The shipment of goods out of a factory or warehouse.

going to the office

Output of data, power, or signals from a system

Formal prefix meaning various, many, or several.

Illness, condition, or syndrome suffix

A pay raise or salary increase.

Securities; financial instruments like stocks and bonds.

Promotion to a higher rank or position.

To arise, result, or come into existence.

Decimal point

Official approval, authorization, or formal consent.

Child (for admission fees) or mythical dwarf

Illumination, lighting, or lighting equipment.

Consumption of resources or exhaustion of energy

Future potential or prospects.

The standard term for food poisoning.

Skilled artisan or master craftsman

Formal or scientific term for food or foodstuff

Provisions, rations, or food supply viewed as a large-scale resource.

Various countries, nations, or provinces.

The first ten days of the month

Affiliation with a specific group or organization.

Chief of a station (police, fire, or tax)

Taxable income or net earnings calculated after deducting expenses.

Processing data, handling problems, or disposing of waste

Unconsciously; without realizing it

Physical eyesight or visual acuity

To formally record, write down, inscribe, or commit to memory

To become known, discovered, or revealed.

Castle

Core, wick, pencil lead, or inner strength

New model, type, or strain

Oversensitive, fussy, or high-strung temperament

Hypocenter; the underground origin of an earthquake

Serious, grave, or severe, describing a negative situation or problem.

Formal or legal term for relatives

New construction or a newly built building.

Seismic intensity measuring the strength of shaking at a specific location.

Vibration; oscillation; rapid shaking

Profound mystery or mystique beyond human understanding

Patient endurance or perseverance through a difficult situation

Fresh green leaves of late spring and early summer

A sticker or adhesive label.

Flood damage or water disaster

Fisheries, aquatic products, or the marine industry.

Marine or aquatic products

A standard or level regarding quality, living conditions, or water height.

Formal recommendation or official endorsement.

Guess or inference based on evidence

Vertical or perpendicular.

A single drop or bead of water.

Horizon over water

A numerical value representing data or a measurement.

The youngest child in a family.

Finally, after a long process; or at the end of a time period

Healthy, sound, and vigorous

Logical coherence or the proper sequence of steps

Every nook and cranny; down to the last detail

Affectionate, non-romantic physical contact intended to strengthen emotional bonds.

A successful outcome or accomplishment resulting from effort

Political power or the specific administration currently in charge

Constellation or zodiac sign

Sincere, honest, and faithful.

Precision or accuracy; the degree of exactness.

Performance or technical specifications of a machine or device

A component, ingredient, or chemical constituent.

Extremely precise, detailed, and intricate.

Glutinous rice with red beans, traditionally eaten to celebrate auspicious occasions.

A household unit sharing residence and finances, typically used in official or statistical contexts.

To touch, border, interact with, or encounter.

Working diligently, steadily, or assiduously on a task.

Painful, bittersweet sadness or longing

To narrow a physical space or reduce a range of options.

To close in, draw near with urgency, or press for a decision.

Fiber, textile, or thread-like material.

Preceding, going ahead, or taking the lead.

Fine, delicate, intricate, or sensitive.

Championship tournament or title

Formal election or selection for an official role.

Developed country; advanced nation.

Devoting oneself exclusively to a specific pursuit or activity.

The other party or side in a formal business context

Clear adhesive tape, commonly referred to as Scotch tape or Sellotape

Good taste, flair, or aesthetic sensibility

Unwanted, disruptive noise, such as from traffic or construction.

Founding or establishment of a business.

Piloting complex machinery or manipulating people

Inheritance of property or succession to a position.

Relative comparison, facing directly, or one-on-one interaction.

Relative; defined by comparison to something else rather than being absolute.

Assumption, supposition, or anticipation of a specific scenario

Considerably, quite, or equivalent to.

General affairs; general administration

Immediately; instantly; on the spot.

Promoting or accelerating the progress of a plan or system.

on the same day

To conform to or be based on a situation, fact, or standard

Measurement of a specific value using an instrument or device

Breaking news, news flash, or quick report

Physical side, flank, or a specific aspect of a situation

To damage, harm, or spoil; as a suffix, to fail to do something.

To damage or spoil (mood, health); to miss the chance to do something

Raw material, ingredient, or subject matter.

Frank, candid, or straightforward.

Sleeve of a garment; wing of a stage or side extension.

Simple, rustic, and unpretentious; naive or straightforward.

A soft, gentle breeze

Wealth, assets, or property.

The quality or inherent nature of a specific material

Public finances or the financial affairs of an organization

Located in Japan; often refers specifically to resident ethnic Koreans.

Lumber or timber prepared for construction

Formal tatami room for guests or a dinner party held in one

Weed; an unwanted wild plant.

Sloppy, careless, or miscellaneous.

Traditional Japanese floor cushion

The remaining balance in a financial account.

Directly (in person); soon (shortly)

Magnetism, the force produced by magnets.

A central axis, physical shaft, or abstract core focus.

Time difference between locations or staggered timing

One’s own company or in-house; a neutral term used for internal contexts or objective comparisons.

Virtually, in effect, or de facto; existing in practice regardless of official status.

One’s parents’ home or family home, specifically referred to as such after moving out.

Actual feeling or realization based on personal experience

Thoroughly, deliberately, and taking one’s time.

Substance, essence, or actual reality distinguished from name or appearance.

Substantial, actual, or de facto.

Actual achievements, results, or a proven track record of past performance.

Encyclopedia or reference book for matters and concepts

Secretariat or administrative office for an organization or committee

Businesslike, matter-of-fact, or impersonal

Weakness, the weak, or just under a number.

Gun or firearm

A general, formal term for an employee or worker.

Serious illness or injury; metaphorically, a hopeless obsession.

Fullness and substance, ranging from a fulfilling life to well-equipped facilities.

A crossroads or four-way intersection shaped like a cross.

Important point, emphasis, or main focus.

Focused, prioritized, or giving special emphasis to a main point.

Flexible or adaptable regarding bodies, minds, or plans; also refers to stretching exercises.

Resident, inhabitant, or regular user of an online community

Regarding as important; placing priority or emphasis on.

Passive or reactive; lacking initiative.

Formal term for trees and shrubs, often used in scientific or collective contexts.

Economic demand; the market need for goods or services.

Circulation or rotation in a continuous cycle.

Purity or concentration.

A physical lock or a counter for pills.

Crew members or staff operating a vehicle.

A state of being in an obviously good mood or high spirits.

Evaporation into vapor or the sudden vanishing of a person.

Upstream part of a river or upper-class society

Exclusion; leaving something out of a group or rule.

Personnel, staff, or headcount.