N4 essential words
& phrases

Medicine or doctor

Way of saying something, phrasing, or manner of speaking

Less than or equal to a value; the following text or items.

To live, be alive, or be put to effective use

A few, some, or several.

Pond; a small body of still water.

A stone, small rock, gemstone, or game piece used in Go.

Signifies a quantity of ‘or more,’ refers to the aforementioned, or concludes a statement as ‘that’s all.’

To hurry; to rush

Humble form of to do

To humbly receive, eat, drink, or have someone do something.

Polite potential verb used for requests, humble acceptance, or disapproval.

All at once; in one go

All day long or throughout the entire day.

All year round

Market; ‘ichiba’ refers to a physical location, while ‘shijou’ refers to the economic concept.

One piece; one small item.

With all one’s might or utmost effort

Moving back and forth repeatedly.

One cup or drink; also describes being full, crowded, or having a lot.

Thread, string, or yarn.

Male cousin.

Cousin (specifically female).

Within; inside of; no more than.

Meaning, significance, or the point and value of an action.

Unpleasant, disagreeable, or expressing strong dislike and refusal.

Welcome, or a polite invitation to come in.

Honorific form of to come, to go, or to be

Phrase indicating ‘various reasons’ or ‘it’s complicated’ to politely avoid sharing details.

Celebration, congratulations, or a celebratory gift

Suffix indicating a member, staff, or employee of an organization

Garden plants, shrubs, or trees.

To plant trees or seeds, or to instill ideas and values.

To move, operate, or influence

To move, function, or take action.

Refers to the animal cow or cattle, and denotes beef.

Physically thin, pale in color, weak in taste, or faint in probability.

Liar

Inside, within, while, among, or referring to one’s own group or home.

Deeply beautiful, visually breathtaking, or abstractly pure.

Wristwatch

Horse; a large mammal used for riding, racing, or work

One’s birth, origin, or birthplace; often acts as a suffix indicating the place or time of birth.

Sales counter, section, or department where products are sold

Happy, glad, or pleased regarding a specific event or kindness

Driving a vehicle or operating machinery.

Driver or vehicle operator

Sports ground, playing field, or playground

Station attendant or station staff

To choose, select, or pick.

To choose; to select

Excursion or school field trip

A gentle, polite term for a house or home.

Size, dimensions, or magnitude.

A large quantity, number, or the majority.

A large crowd of people; the general trend or situation.

Funny, amusing, strange, or weird.

Strange, weird, or funny (used before a noun).

Savory dishes served to accompany rice.

Polite term for a customer, guest, or client

A flat, accessible rooftop area.

To send, see someone off, or spend time

To be late, delayed, or fall behind.

To wake someone up, cause an event or problem, or establish a new venture.

To get angry or to scold someone.

To happen, occur, or take place.

Built-in Japanese closet designed for storing futons

Chatting, chitchat, or a talkative person

Uncle younger than one’s parent

Polite expression used when entering someone’s home or office, meaning pardon the intrusion.

The standard term for vinegar.

Get well soon; take care of yourself.

To fall, drop, fail, decline, or come off.

To say, speak, or be called (honorific form used for superiors)

Standard, neutral term for one’s own husband

Change received after a purchase.

Polite term for restroom or toilet

Polite help or assistance, particularly with chores or tasks

Polite term for going out or an outing.

A lost item dropped or left behind in a public place.

Polite term for an elderly person or senior citizen

To drop, lose, remove (stains), lower, fail, or download

The year before last

To dance, or figuratively, to be manipulated.

Humbly request; please (formal)

Aunt (specifically a parent’s younger sister)

Long time no see; for the first time in a while.

Polite reference to a single customer or the lifestyle of enjoying activities alone

To memorize, learn a skill, or experience a sensation.

Sorry to have kept you waiting; thank you for waiting.

Friendly or familiar term for a police officer

To recall; to bring a memory back to mind.

Personal memories, recollections, or reminiscences

A toy, or a person treated as a plaything.

Parent, or a central entity such as a dealer or parent company.

Snack or light refreshment eaten between meals

To break or snap a rigid object, or to fold flexible material.

Expression of thanks or a gift given in gratitude

To take down, lower, withdraw money, or drop off.

The end, conclusion, or finish of an activity or event.

Natural hot spring water or the associated bathing facility.

Lesson, chapter, or organizational department

Coast; seashore

Formal meeting or conference.

Meeting room or conference room.

Suffix indicating the specific ‘nth’ time an event occurs in a sequence

to keep or raise an animal

To return an object, money, or favor to its source; to flip over or do back.

Return trip or way home

To change, alter, or modify something

To contract or suffer from an illness.

Science; the field of study concerning the physical and natural world.

A reflective mirror, or a person serving as an ideal model.

Key for a lock or solution to a problem

Picture or kanji stroke

To hide a physical object or conceal a fact or feeling.

Furniture

Counter for countries

Sweets, snacks, or confectionery.

Professional singer

Number, count, or several.

To count items or numbers.

The physical body part, often used metaphorically in idioms to represent responsibility or support.

Physical shape, appearance, or abstract form

Tidying up clutter or finishing a task

To win a competition or defeat an opponent.

Geometric angle, physical corner, or animal horn

Whether or not

Sentence-ending particle expressing wonder, self-questioning, or a wish.

Humble term for one’s own wife

The standard adjective for feeling sad or describing sorrowful situations.

Without fail, always, or certainly

A physical wall or a figurative barrier.

Hair on the head, specifically referring to individual strands or physical substance.

Casual sentence-ender meaning ‘maybe’ or ‘might be’

Indicates possibility or uncertainty; maybe, might, or perhaps.

Indicates possibility; might, may, or perhaps.

Itchy.

To commute to or attend a place regularly; to circulate or flow through.

They or them, typically referring to a male or mixed-gender group.

Poor, pitiable, or deserving of sympathy.

Means ‘changed’ or describes something as ‘unusual’ or ‘peculiar’.

To undergo a change or be unusual

Metal can or tin; counter for cans.

Idea, thought, opinion, or intention.

Way of thinking, perspective, or approach.

To think logically, consider deliberately, or formulate a plan.

Sightseeing or tourism

Simple, easy, or uncomplicated, requiring little effort or time.

to go out, turn off, or disappear

Air temperature (specifically in a weather context)

A general term for a machine, mechanism, or powered device.

The act of changing clothes or a spare set of clothes

To change clothes

To notice or realize something; to be attentive and considerate; to regain consciousness.

Danger, hazard, or risk; often used on formal warning signs.

To be audible, to be heard, or to sound like something.

return to one’s home country

Season or specific time of year.

Surely, definitely; also describes a sharp or stern look.

To be decided, settled, or to look sharp

To decide something or execute an action perfectly.

Feeling physically nauseous or finding something repulsive and creepy

Guest, visitor, or customer.

Ambulance.

Express train; rushing to a scene

Suddenly, unexpectedly, or sharply

Cucumber (usually written in kana)

Salary or wages paid to an employee

Capital city; specifically refers to Kyoto.

A Christian church, referring to either the physical building or the congregation.

To snap, be cut, run out, expire, or be disconnected.

Quitting smoking or a prohibition on smoking

neighborhood; immediate vicinity

Physical air, atmosphere, or the social mood.

Airport; a facility for aircraft takeoff and landing.

Grass or weeds; internet slang for LOL

Stinking, suspicious, or suggesting a negative quality.

Honorific verb for a superior giving to you or doing something for your benefit

The neck, or informally, being fired from a job.

To become cloudy, fog up, or turn gloomy

Professional dry cleaning or laundry service

Total, meter, or plan.

Plan, project, or schedule

Police force, officer, or station

Formal term for a police officer.

Main police station for a district.

Mathematical calculation, arithmetic, or factoring into plans and expectations.

Physical injury or wound.

Scenery, view, or landscape.

Fine, sufficient, or acceptable; a polite refusal; quite or rather.

Prefecture; a major administrative subdivision of Japan similar to a state or province.

An educational tour, study visit, or observing an activity without participating.

Research or in-depth investigation.

Health, healthy, or physical and mental well-being.

Road intersection or crossing.

Factory, manufacturing plant, or workshop

Traffic; transportation systems.

National language; specifically Japanese language arts as a school subject.

International; involving or connecting multiple nations.

Heart, mind, spirit, or core.

The lower back or waist, and the firm, resilient texture of noodles.

An answer, reply, or solution to a question or problem.

Postal parcel or package

It has been decided that or it turns out that

Words, language, speech, or phrases.

Small bird; birdie.

The other day, recently, or during this period.

Lately, these days, or nowadays.

Fine, detailed, or picky.

Fine, detailed, trivial, or referring to small change.

To be troubled, in a bind, or at a loss.

To be crowded; implies inward movement or thorough action when used as a suffix.

To be crowded or packed.

Uncooked rice; formal abbreviation for the USA

Scary, frightening, or feeling afraid of something.

To break or destroy an object, ruin one’s health, or break a large bill into change.

To break, be broken, malfunction, or fall apart (intransitive)

like this; this kind of (referring to something close to the speaker)

So much, this much, or to this extent.

Tonight or this evening.

Electrical outlet or wall socket

Musical instrument

School term or semester

To show signs of feeling or wanting something

Gas station

Glass (material)

Beef; literally ‘cow meat’.

Soundly asleep; in a deep sleep.

The present time, currently (formal), or the present tense.

Polite term for another’s husband or a male proprietor.

Feast, fine food, or treating someone to a meal

A polite call to announce one’s arrival at a home or shop entrance.

To see, look, or try doing (honorific)

Suffix indicating degree or ‘-ness’; casual particle implying assertion.

Recently, lately, or these days.

The end, conclusion, or final item in a sequence.

The beginning, outset, or first in a sequence.

ahead, first, or previously

A little while ago or just now (formal)

Formal term for last year.

To lower, reduce, hang, or clear away.

To humbly give to a superior or to perform an action for their benefit.

Thinly sliced raw fish or seafood served without rice

To hold up an umbrella, shine in, insert, or apply liquid

To point at, indicate, or refer to.

To make or let someone do something

Banknote, paper money, tag, label, or ticket.

Lonely, missing someone, or desolate.

Formal honorific suffix, or appearance, state, and likeness.

The month after next

The week after next

the year after next

Passive form of ‘to do’ meaning ‘is done’ or an honorific form indicating respectful action.

To make physical contact with something or touch on a topic.

Male office worker receiving a fixed salary

Particle used to list multiple reasons or qualities.

City; market or fair.

A formal match or game, such as in sports or martial arts.

The day after the day after tomorrow

Salt; slang for a cold or indifferent attitude.

Square or rectangular in shape; metaphorically stiff, formal, or inflexible.

Way or method of doing something, often used to express resignation or lack of choice.

It can’t be helped, it is no use, or indicates an unbearable feeling.

Expresses having nothing but a limited amount or no choice but to do something

Formal exam, test, or trial.

To do too much or be excessive

Underwear or undergarments.

Failure, mistake, or an unsuccessful attempt at an action.

Suffix indicating a room with a specific purpose.

Rudeness or impoliteness; also a polite ‘excuse me’ when interrupting or leaving.

Branch office or branch store

For a moment, for a while, or for the time being.

Island; also slang for a territory or turf.

Sisters; sister entities or counterparts

To put away; to finish completely; to do unintentionally or with regret.

Exclamation meaning ‘Oops!’ or ‘Darn it!’ upon realizing a mistake.

Company employee

Society, the public, or social studies

Company president or CEO.

City hall or municipal office.

The weekend (typically Saturday and Sunday).

One’s husband, master, or proprietor.

Person’s place of origin or alma mater

Departure or setting off on a trip or journey

variety; kind; type; category

Introduction, referral, or recommendation.

It can’t be helped, is futile, or describes an unbearable feeling.

Fire engine or fire truck.

Soy sauce, a dark, salty liquid condiment made from fermented soybeans.

The future, specifically regarding personal prospects, career, or life plans.

After a meal

A meal or the act of dining.

Plant; vegetation

To inform, notify, or let someone know.

To look up, investigate, or check

A traffic light, or generally any signal or sign.

Kindness demonstrated through helpful actions

Worry, anxiety, or concern regarding a problem or someone’s well-being.

Swimming as a sport, exercise, or organized activity

A public aquarium or facility displaying aquatic life.

Water supply; tap water; waterworks

Mathematics; the academic subject of math.

Suffix meaning too much, over-, or past a specific time.

To pass a physical point or time, or to exceed a limit or degree (too much).

To become less crowded, thin out, or get empty (such as a stomach)

few; a small quantity or number

Little by little, bit by bit, or gradually

Pleasantly cool and refreshing; figuratively composed or unconcerned.

Sour or acidic taste.

To throw away, abandon, or give up on something.

A space heater or heating unit used for warmth

Smartphone (abbreviation)

Daily life, lifestyle, or livelihood.

Formal term for date of birth used on official documents.

All over the world or worldwide

Cough

The general term for soap, covering both solid bars and liquid forms.

Explanation, description, or to explain

A physical line, wire, transportation route, or abstract boundary.

A formal term referring to the other day or a few days ago.

Washing machine

Laundry; physical items such as clothes or linens.

Senior member or upperclassman who joined a group or organization before you

Electric fan

That kind of; that sort of; such

And then; as a result; in that case.

And then, furthermore, or by doing so

Vacuum cleaner (literally ‘cleaning machine’).

In that case; having done so; and then.

If you do so; in that case

Means ‘it looks like’, ‘I hear’, or ‘that is right’.

Consultation, discussion, or asking for advice.

Means ‘and then’ in a sequence or ‘in that case’ as a response.

Graduation from school, or moving on from a group, habit, or life phase.

The standard term for one’s own grandfather.

Means besides, moreover, or on top of that, used to add further information.

So much; to that extent.

Disappointing, regrettable, or a shame

Individual written character or handwriting

Accident, incident, or unexpected negative event causing damage or injury.

Timetable or schedule for public transportation.

Actually; to tell you the truth

Vending machine

vending machine

Oneself; a reflexive pronoun often used to mean I or myself.

On one’s own; performing an action personally without assistance.

Faucet or tap

Sufficient, enough, or thoroughly

Class, lesson, or period of instruction.

Preparation; getting things ready.

A standard ruler used for drawing straight lines or measuring.

Durable, sturdy, or physically robust.

The total human population of a specific area.

Shinto shrine

Casual outer jacket or windbreaker; also refers to an athlete in jumping sports.

Continuously throughout a period or distance; by far or much more.

Suffix indicating “each,” “apiece,” or “at a time” for equal distribution or gradual steps.

Means ‘by all means’ or ‘definitely’ to emphasize requests, or refers to the concept of right and wrong.

Cleaning rag or dust cloth often made from an old towel

Physical education or P.E.

Gymnasium or indoor hall for sports and assemblies

Discharge from a hospital

Embassy

body weight

Important, precious, or treated with care.

Physical exercises, calisthenics, or gymnastics.

Usually, generally, or the majority of.

Typhoon or hurricane

Very or extremely; difficult, serious, or tough.

To fall over, collapse due to illness, or go bankrupt.

Height; the vertical measurement or altitude of something.

Indicates a third person’s observed desire to perform an action.

To add numbers or ingredients, top up a quantity, or take care of business.

To save, rescue, or assist someone.

Traditional straw flooring mat; unit of measurement for room area

The general term for any building or structure.

To stand an object up vertically, or to establish a plan or goal.

To build or construct a physical structure.

For example; for instance

A shelf, rack, or trellis.

Enjoyment, pleasure, or anticipation.

to enjoy or take pleasure in an experience

To ask a favor, entrust a task, or order items.

Probably, perhaps, or maybe

Occasionally or once in a while.

Indicates purpose, benefit, or cause.

Indicates an action taken for a purpose or an outcome due to a cause.

Conditional particle indicating if or when.

listing representative actions or alternating states

Dresser or chest of drawers

Ground, earth, or land

Blood; referring to the physical fluid, family lineage, or metaphorical temperament.

Underground space, basement, or secret activity.

Power, physical strength, ability, or force.

The planet Earth

Casual suffix indicating completion or regret

Paying attention, exercising caution, or giving a warning.

Junior high school or middle school.

Injection or shot

A parking lot or car park.

An order for goods or services, or a specific request.

Condition, state, flow, or tone.

Eldest daughter

Exactly, precisely, or just right.

To follow, come along, or be included with something.

State of being attached or included; colloquially, to be lucky.

To convey a message, feeling, or information; to pass down a tradition.

To wrap an object, envelop in an atmosphere, or conceal feelings.

To continue, last, or lead somewhere.

To continue an action or keep on doing something

To be employed by or work for a specific organization

Intention to do something, or the subjective belief that something is the case

Fishing, change from a purchase, or internet trolling.

To take or bring a person or animal along

Washing hands, or a restroom.

Commuter pass allowing unlimited travel between specific stations for a fixed period.

A fixed-price set meal consisting of a main dish, rice, soup, and sides

Polite, respectful behavior or careful, thorough execution.

Pocket planner, notebook, or official handbook

Help, assistance, or an assistant.

To help with a task or lend a hand

Buddhist temple

Store clerk or shop assistant

Weather forecast or weather report

Means “called” or “named,” or marks a quotation.

Finally reaching a conclusion or result after a long period of time

Tofu or bean curd.

A distant place, far away in time, or by a large margin.

To pass through a place, pass a formal check, or make sense.

Indicates inexact examples like ‘and things like that,’ softens suggestions, or marks casual hearsay.

Especially; particularly; in particular

Special, particular, or distinct from the ordinary.

Traditional barbershop or barber, primarily for men.

By the way (switching topics); or even if (implying futility).

Library room within a larger building or institution

To get older or to age

On the way or in the middle of an action

to reach, arrive, or get through

To deliver an item or submit an official report

to stay overnight

To stop a moving object or quit an activity.

Together, both, shared, mutual, or joint.

Chicken meat

Breaded and deep-fried pork cutlet

Graduate school

Important, valuable, or a serious matter.

Generally, mostly, roughly, or the gist.

Kitchen; can also refer to household finances.

Considerably, greatly, or the place name Oita

Casual ‘but’ or ‘however’ used to show contrast or soften a statement

A conjunction meaning ‘but’ or ‘however’ used to connect contrasting clauses or politely soften a statement.

A conversational phrase meaning “in that case” or “if it is,” used to connect a situation to a suggestion.

Anyone; everyone; whoever.

To, for, or with anyone.

Casual expression indicating probability or seeking agreement

A self-directed question or expression of doubt meaning ‘I wonder if’.

Gradually, little by little, or in steps.

As much as possible; to the best of one’s ability

Polite phrasing for gentle questions or expressing uncertainty.

If not; unless; otherwise

Must be; has to be (strict requirement or condition)

Electronic calculator

Battery

Telephone directory or digital contacts list

What kind of, what sort of, or what do you mean

Tool, instrument, or means to an end.

Zoo

Neither of the two.

Polite way to ask how or in what manner

Any of the choices (three or more items)

Thief, burglar, or the act of stealing

How much, to what extent, or no matter how.

Must do; have to do

To fix, correct, convert, or re-do.

To cure an illness, heal an injury, or correct a bad habit

To be repaired, cured, or corrected.

To heal or recover from an illness or injury

Quite or considerably; not easily when used with negatives.

long sleeves

Indicates simultaneous actions like ‘while’, contrast like ‘although’, or a continuing state.

To flow, drift, or pass; to be broadcast; to be called off.

To cry, weep, or suffer from a difficult situation.

To lose something or get rid of it

To lose someone to death

Must; have to; necessary.

Indispensable or obligatory; expressing that something is essential or must be done

Indispensable, essential, or expressing strong obligation.

To pass away; the standard polite term for a person dying

To be lost, run out, or disappear

Must or have to; expresses necessity or obligation.

To throw an object, cast a glance, or give up.

Imperative command form used by superiors to subordinates.

Unlikely; seeming not to exist or be the case

To do (honorific form for another’s actions)

Standard, slightly formal adverb meaning why or for what reason.

Etc., and so on, or a plural suffix for people.

Sentence ender framing a statement as an explanation or reason.

Conditional particle meaning ‘if it is about’ used to offer advice or suggestions.

Indicates prohibition, obligation, or uncontrollable emotion.

To line up, stand in a queue, or be arranged side-by-side.

To line up, arrange, or list items side-by-side.

To sound or ring (for inanimate objects)

Southwest

Somehow, somewhat, or for some reason

Explanatory marker for providing reasons, context, or seeking clarification.

Anything, everything, or a marker indicating hearsay.

Asks for a name or exclaims surprise like “what a…”

Any number of times; over and over again.

Nothing at all; not anything (emphatic form used with negative verbs).

Suffix indicating an action is difficult to perform, distinguishing between physical and emotional difficulty.

To run away, escape, or evade

A personal diary or journal.

About; regarding; concerning.

Twice or two degrees.

When it becomes or when it comes to.

Means “for” or “in order to” with added emphasis or contrast.

Throughout Japan; all over the country.

Hospitalization; being admitted to a hospital for an overnight stay.

Entry into a school; enrollment

According to; based on a source of information

Domestic chicken or chicken meat.

Popularity; the state of being well-liked or in demand.

The number of people or headcount

To steal physical objects or abstract ideas, or to do something secretly.

To get wet or become damp from liquid

Fever, physical heat, or passion.

Oversleeping or waking up later than intended.

Sleepy or drowsy; the physical sensation of needing to sleep.

New Year’s greeting card

To place onto a surface, load onto a vehicle, give a ride, or publish information.

Adds an explanatory nuance to provide a reason, context, or realization.

Adds an explanatory nuance to a statement or seeks clarification.

The physical throat or singing voice

Indicates ‘even though’ or ‘despite’ an outcome, or ‘in order to’ for a specific purpose.

Transferring trains or buses, or switching service plans.

to transfer (vehicles); to switch over to something new

Boarding area, platform, or stop for public transportation

Dentist or dental clinic

Postcard

A general museum for history, science, or natural history, distinct from an art museum.

To carry, transport, or proceed.

Bridge; a structure built to span obstacles like rivers or roads.

The physical edge, tip, or end of an object

Beginning, start, or ‘starting with’ (such as)

First of all; introduction or preface

Expresses a logical expectation that something is supposed to be true or happen.

Embarrassed, shy, ashamed, or disgraceful.

Dry field for crops or one’s professional area of expertise.

Clearly, distinctly, frankly, or definitely.

Pronunciation or the act of pronouncing speech sounds.

The act of brushing teeth or the toothpaste itself

Field or plain; origin, source, or raw.

To pay money, brush off or clear away, or pay attention.

To clear up (sky, mood, or suspicion)

Hamburg steak or bunless meat patty served on a plate

To grow cold, become chilly, or emotionally cool down

Drawer, bank withdrawal, or personal repertoire of skills

Extremely or very; a formal adverb used to indicate a high degree.

Moving house or changing residence

To move house or change residence

Necessary, required, or essential

People, a crowd, or the general public.

To cool, chill, or calm something down

Negative prefix meaning un-, non-, or not.

A paper envelope for letters, documents, or money.

To increase in number or amount.

Deep (physical depth) or profound (abstract intensity).

To wipe a surface to clean or dry it

Review of studied material

Bag, sack, or pouch.

Both people or the two of them.

Thick, fat, or deep (of a voice).

To gain weight or get fat.

Ship or boat

Inconvenient; difficult to use or access.

To increase the number or quantity of something

A secondhand book or an ancient antiquarian text.

Vicinity, area, or side

Strange, weird, or odd; an abnormality.

Reply, answer, or response

The time after school classes end.

Direct advice or suggestions meaning “it is better to” or “you should”

Other, another, besides, or the rest

Northwest

The direction or region of northeast.

To show signs of wanting something

Mostly, almost, or hardly (when used with a negative).

A bone, structural frame, core gist, or backbone.

A formal term for “today,” typically used in business and official announcements.

A train platform; a care facility or home base.

Expresses a conditional ‘if… then’ relationship.

Refers to a specific case, situation, or circumstance, often translated as ‘in the event that’ or ‘in case’.

Indicates nothing but, a recently completed action, or an approximate amount.

Physical place, location, spot, or available space.

TV show or radio program

House number; numerical part of an address

Motorcycle or motorbike; typically distinct from a pedal bicycle.

The common, everyday word for a bus stop

Volleyball (common abbreviation)

Visual arts or fine arts

An art museum or art gallery.

A hair salon or beauty parlor.

A bottle or jar, usually made of glass.

Modern multi-story building; also the name Bill

School club activities

A sentence, text, composition, or letter.

Stationery and office supplies

Convenient, useful, or handy.

Police car; patrol car.

Underwear or undergarments; occasionally refers to trousers in fashion contexts.

Green bell pepper

A lost child or animal; figuratively, someone confused or directionless.

Grandchild

First of all, to begin with, or almost certainly.

To make or keep someone waiting

Still a long way to go, not nearly enough, or a humble response to a compliment

Just getting started; still a long way to go

To make a mistake, get something wrong, or mistake one thing for another.

To be in time for something or to be sufficient.

Surroundings, vicinity, or the people around you.

Rotation, surroundings, circumference, or making rounds.

To turn, rotate, go around, or circulate.

The dead center or exact middle

Modern concrete apartment building or condominium.

Swimwear or bathing suit

Fermented soybean paste, crustacean innards, or the key point or secret ingredient of a matter.

To be found; to be discovered

To find, discover, or spot something.

The color green or natural greenery

Prefix meaning non-, un-, or without; the concept of nothingness.

The distant past or olden days.

Insect, bug, or worm; also used for gut feelings or obsessions.

Cavity or tooth decay

The standard term for a son.

Daughter; also refers generally to a young, unmarried woman.

Physical chest or breast; metaphorically the heart, feelings, or conscience

Village; a small rural community

Free of charge; no cost.

Noun (grammatical term)

Eye drops

Alarm clock or wake-up stimulus

Physical alarm clock

To eat or drink (honorific)

Rare, uncommon, or unusual.

Application, registration, or sign-up.

A document used to submit an application.

The humble verb for “to say” or “to be called,” used to lower one’s status when addressing superiors.

A thick blanket used for warmth or bedding.

To burn physically, or to be fired up with passion.

If, in case, or supposing.

Maybe, perhaps, or by some chance.

Personal belongings or carried items.

Means ‘of course’ or ‘certainly’; also used to express ‘not only… but also.’

To return to a previous location or state

Person defined by a specific role, action, or trait; often functions like the English suffix ‘-er’.

A large, dense forest.

Gate or entrance to a building or property

A test question, exercise, or a difficult issue requiring resolution.

A greengrocer or shop selling fresh vegetables and fruit

To grill, bake, burn, or feel jealous.

A promise, appointment, or arrangement.

To be useful or helpful

Physical burn or scald injury, or figuratively suffering a painful loss.