N5 essential words
& phrases

Good, nice, acceptable, or sufficient.

Polite ‘no’ or ‘not at all’ in response to thanks

Casual expression of approval, a social media like, or a check for understanding.

To say, tell, be called, or make a sound.

Physical house, personal home or family, or suffix for a family lineage.

To physically go, progress in a situation, or continue an action into the future.

Asks ‘how many’ general items or ‘how old’ someone is.

Interrogative asking how much regarding price or amount, or an adverb meaning no matter how much.

Forbidden, bad, or an exclamation of oops

Medical doctor or physician

Chair or seat

Busy or hectic; describes people, schedules, or periods of time.

Physical pain or soreness; slang for something cringey or painfully embarrassing.

“Let’s eat” expression; humble form of to receive

The number one, a single unit, or the rank of first.

January or a duration of one month.

one hour duration

Once, one time, or one degree (temperature/angle).

one day (duration); the first day of the month

One year, indicating a duration or the first year of school.

Number one, first, or the most/best.

Once or one time.

First floor or ground floor

Duration of one month

one book or bound volume

One week duration

Together with others or the same

Together, simultaneously, or combined into one.

I’m off; said when leaving with the intent to return.

Farewell said to someone leaving who is expected to return.

One small animal

One minute, or a small fraction.

One long, thin object, or a winning point in martial arts.

About when; around what time

five things; five years old

At any time, always, or whenever

Always, usually, or habitually.

Dog, or slang for a spy or informant.

Now, the present moment, or the immediate future.

Until now / so far

Younger sister (referring to one’s own)

Welcome (polite greeting from staff to customers)

The entrance or way into a building or area.

To exist for living things, or indicates an ongoing action or state

To need; to be required.

To put in, insert, include, make tea or coffee, or turn on a switch.

Color, facial complexion, or sensuality.

Various, all sorts of, or in many ways

Casual “no” or a sound of hesitation

Above, on top of, superior rank, or in terms of.

The physical space directly behind something.

Song, singing, or classical Japanese poetry.

To sing.

To be born or come into existence.

Sea or ocean.

To sell, pick a fight, or betray someone

Unpleasantly loud, annoying, nagging, or fussy.

Outerwear worn on the upper body, such as a jacket, coat, or blazer

Casual affirmative, hesitation sound, or grunt of exertion.

Particle marking direction or movement towards a place or recipient.

A picture, drawing, painting, or illustration.

Prefix for English or British.

Movie or film

Movie theater or cinema

The English language

Conversational interjection for soft agreement, surprise, hesitation, or ‘good’ in Kansai dialect.

A train or subway station.

Filler word used when thinking, equivalent to ‘um’ or ‘let’s see’.

The Japanese yen currency or a geometric circle.

Pencil

Marks the direct object of a verb or indicates movement through or away from a place.

Honorific prefix indicating politeness or respect

Delicious, or figuratively describing a profitable or attractive opportunity.

Describes a large number, amount, or frequency.

Big, large, or loud

Big or large (used strictly before a noun).

Polite term for mother, used to address one’s own mother or refer to someone else’s

Welcome home or welcome back.

Polite expression meaning ‘welcome home’.

Sweets, candy, and snacks.

Money; the standard and most common term for cash or currency.

to wake up or get up; to happen or occur

To put, place, or leave behind; also indicates doing something in advance or leaving a state as is.

Polite term for someone else’s wife or a married woman

Ahead, before, or pardon me for leaving first.

To teach, instruct, or tell information

Grandfather or elderly man

To push, press, or stamp.

Slow in speed or late in time.

Happy Birthday (polite)

Tea, typically green tea, or a tea break.

Sound or noise.

Polite term for another’s father, also used to address one’s own dad, a husband, or an older man.

Younger brother.

A direct term for a man or male, often carrying a nuance of bluntness or masculine honor.

Boy; a male child

Man

The day before yesterday

The standard term for an adult or grown-up, implying maturity.

The standard, polite term for the stomach or belly, often used to describe hunger, fullness, or pain.

Identical, equal, or the same.

Polite term for older brother or a young man

Older sister or young lady

A polite request, favor, or the standard expression for please.

Polite request for an item, service, or favor

Story, tale, or polite conversation

Polite morning greeting

Grandmother or elderly woman

Grandma, granny, or an elderly woman

Noon or the midday meal.

A bath, bathtub, or bathroom.

Japanese boxed lunch

Polite term for a store, shop, or restaurant.

Souvenir from a trip or a gift brought when visiting someone

Congratulations or a celebratory greeting for special occasions

Polite expression for congratulations or wishing a happy occasion.

Physically heavy, serious in severity, gloomy in mood, or sluggish in performance.

To think, believe, or intend.

Interesting, funny, amusing, or enjoyable

A day off, holiday, or the greeting ‘good night’.

Polite expression for ‘good night’ used before sleeping or parting.

To swim; to navigate through a crowd or society; to be unsteady or have wandering eyes.

to get off a vehicle, disembark, or descend

To end, to finish, or to complete.

The general term for music as an art form or sound.

Woman, female, or a rough reference to a lover.

Girl, young woman, or daughter

The standard, polite term for a woman.

Question marker, indicates ‘or’, creates indefinite words, or signifies ‘whether’.

Familiar term for addressing one’s own mother or wife.

Counter for times or occurrences

Counter for floors of a building

Company, corporation, or workplace

Company employee or office worker

Stairs or staircase

Shopping or purchased goods

To buy items, value ability, or incur negative reactions.

To return to one’s home base, such as a house, hometown, or country

The physical face, facial expression, or social reputation.

To take time or money, to hang, to be locked, or to catch an illness.

To write characters or compose text.

To hang, pour, spend time or money, or apply something onto a target.

Counter for a duration of months

Umbrella or parasol.

An uncontrolled, destructive fire or conflagration.

To lend, rent out, or provide assistance.

Physical wind or breeze; abstract style, manner, or appearance

common cold

to catch a cold

Family; members of a household.

Money, gold, or Friday.

Refers to ‘she’ or ‘her,’ but commonly used to mean ‘girlfriend.’

A general term for a bag, briefcase, or satchel.

To wear on the head, be covered with, take the blame, or overlap.

Paper

Hair on the head

Tuesday; the day of the week associated with fire

Means ‘from’ a starting point, ‘because’ of a reason, or ‘after’ doing something.

Physical body, physique, or health

To borrow, rent, or make temporary use of something.

Light in weight, degree, intensity, or seriousness.

He, him, or boyfriend

A river or stream, often used as a suffix for river names.

Cute, adorable, or lovely.

Chinese characters used in the Japanese writing system.

Japanese script used for foreign words, sound effects, and emphasis

A living tree or the material wood.

Spirit, energy, mood, or attention.

The color yellow.

Yellow; also used for high-pitched, shrill voices

To hear, listen, or ask.

The cardinal direction north, a northern area, or a shorthand for North Korea.

North entrance or exit

Physically dirty or messy; figuratively unfair or foul.

A traditional coffee shop or tearoom

Postage stamp

Ticket for transportation or admission

The day before today; yesterday.

Informal pronoun “you” or familiar name suffix for boys and juniors.

Feeling, mood, sensation, sentiment, or a small degree

Traditional Japanese robe or garment.

The number nine.

Today; formally, these days or the present era.

A textbook or coursebook used for school instruction.

A physical classroom, or a class dedicated to a specific skill.

Siblings in general, or specifically brothers.

Last year.

Dislike, hate, or aversion.

To cut physically, sever connections, or complete an action entirely.

To wear clothing on the upper body.

Beautiful, pretty, clean, or tidy.

To be careful, pay attention, or take care.

Friday

Medicine, drugs, or chemical agents.

Polite request for an item or action.

Fruit; the general term for edible fruits.

Mouth, opening, entrance, or counter for bites.

General term for shoes or footwear.

Socks

Country or nation; also refers to one’s hometown or home region.

Cloud (in the sky)

Cloudy weather, surface fog, or gloom

Approximately, to the extent that, or at least.

Dark, dim, gloomy, or unfamiliar with a subject.

To come, arrive, or move toward the speaker.

Car, vehicle, or wheel.

To give to me or my inner circle; to do something for my benefit.

The color black; figuratively guilty or suspicious.

this morning

Rubber eraser

To erase, delete, extinguish, or turn off power.

Casual “but” or “although” used to connect clauses or soften statements

Connects contrasting clauses like “but” or acts as a polite softener for statements.

Counter for small objects

Refers to a child, offspring, or young animal, and represents the Rat in the zodiac.

In this way or like this

Public park

Senior high school

High school student

Black tea, such as Earl Grey or Darjeeling.

Small neighborhood police station or police box

Voice or sound produced by a living being.

Ice

Here, this place, or this point in time.

Nine things or nine years old

To answer a question, reply, or respond to an expectation

Politely indicates this way, here, this person, or one’s own side.

Drinking glass or cup without a handle

An intangible matter or event, often used to turn verbs into nouns

To have done something before, or there are times when something happens.

Can or to be able to do something

Expresses never having done something or having no need to do something.

This year

A child or children; metaphorically, an immature person.

“This” (used before a noun to indicate something near the speaker)

The other day; the last time

This object or concept located near the speaker.

From now on, in the future, or about to happen immediately.

Approximate point in time; best time or season

This month.

This week

Refers to the occasion closest to the present: next time, this time, or the other day.

Standard daytime greeting meaning hello or good afternoon.

Tonight; this evening.

Good evening.

Convenience store

Marks the grammatical subject of a sentence or connects contrasting clauses like “but”

Foreign country; a nation other than one’s own.

Foreigner or non-Japanese person; the standard, neutral term.

A casual, often blunt term for a foreigner or outsider.

Represents learning, school, or an academic field of study.

Student (usually university or college)

General term for a school or educational institution.

Do your best, good luck, or hang in there.

To do one’s best, persevere, or hold one’s ground.

Fuel gas, state of matter, bodily gas, or thick fog.

Cow’s milk.

A financial institution for depositing, withdrawing, or borrowing money.

Monday.

Sunken entryway inside the front door where shoes are removed

Healthy, energetic, and lively.

The number five or a count of five general objects.

Denotes a language or word.

Afternoon; P.M.

The formal polite form of “to be” or “to exist,” also used as a suffix in greetings.

morning; a.m.

Throughout the morning

Phrase expressing gratitude after finishing a meal

Phrase used after eating to express gratitude for the meal or a treat.

Cooked rice, or a meal in general.

Five minutes, or an even 50/50 balance.

Trash, garbage, or rubbish; metaphorically, something worthless or junk.

Trash can, garbage bin, or computer recycle bin

Casual apology, requesting attention, or strong refusal.

Counter for age in years.

Counter for age; years old

Wallet or purse.

General term for fish, referring to both the living animal and food.

To look for or search for something.

To go down, drop, step back, or hang down.

Ahead, before, or the tip.

To bloom or blossom.

School composition or essay

Cherry blossom or tree; a shill or decoy customer.

General term for alcoholic beverages, or specifically Japanese rice wine.

Counter for books and bound volumes

Sugar.

Cold weather or air temperature; colloquially, an unfunny or lame joke.

Formal farewell implying a long separation or finality.

A farewell indicating long-term separation or permanent departure.

Plate, dish, or counter for servings of food.

Standard polite suffix for names, occupations, and animals, equivalent to Mr. or Ms.

The number three.

A walk or stroll for pleasure or exercise

The number four.

“Only” or “nothing but,” used with a negative verb to imply insufficiency

However; but (formal conjunction indicating contrast)

Work, job, or task.

Quiet, calm, or peaceful; free from noise, activity, or disturbance.

Below, under, lower rank, or under supervision/influence.

Question, inquiry, or the act of asking for clarification

A polite phrase meaning “I am being rude,” functioning as “excuse me” when entering or interrupting, and “goodbye” when leaving.

To die or cease to exist.

To close or be closed (intransitive)

to close or shut something, such as a door or shop

A photograph or picture taken with a camera.

Refers to a specific calendar week or counts a duration of weeks.

Counter for a duration of weeks

Homework assignment or a pending issue to address later

Hobbies, pastimes, or personal taste.

Prefix indicating smallness or abbreviation for elementary school

Elementary school

New Year’s holiday period; the month of January

Dining hall, cafeteria, or casual eatery

To know, to find out, or to become aware of something.

The color white; figuratively represents purity, innocence, or a blank state.

White, blank, or innocent.

Means new, fresh, modern, or renewed.

Japan’s high-speed bullet train system

Newspaper

Mechanical pencil, commonly shortened to shaapen.

To live, reside, or dwelling.

Wednesday

To smoke, suck, inhale, or absorb

Liking, fondness, or romantic affection.

Immediately, right nearby, or easily.

Immediately or right nearby

A little or a bit; indicates a small quantity, slight degree, or short duration.

Amazing, terrible, or extremely.

Japanese dish of vinegared rice combined with ingredients like seafood

Excuse me, I’m sorry, or thank you for the trouble.

To live, dwell, or reside.

To inhabit or live (of animals in their natural environment)

To do, play, or wear accessories; also functions to verbalize nouns, make choices, perceive senses, or indicate cost.

To sit; to take a seat

Supermarket; also a prefix meaning super or very

Refers to physical height, stature, or the back of a person or object.

Junior high or high school student

The world, society, or a specific sphere of interest.

Tall (referring to a person’s height)

The back of the body

Narrow, cramped, or limited in scope.

One thousand

Last month; the month immediately preceding the current one.

Last week.

Teacher, doctor, or respectful title for an expert

Laundry or the act of washing clothes.

Used to express agreement, describe appearance, or report hearsay.

Casual expression meaning “I see” or “is that so?”

Cleaning or tidying up a physical space

That is true, but… (used to politely disagree or refuse)

Indicates agreement, serves as a thinking filler, or acts as a polite softener before a disagreement.

There (near the listener) or that point just mentioned

And; and then (connecting sentences or events).

Polite reference to ‘that way,’ ‘there,’ or ‘you’.

Casual ‘I see’ or ‘oh, right’ indicating realization.

Outside, exterior, or beyond a physical or conceptual boundary.

Refers to “that” near the listener or context, or acts as a hesitation filler.

Buckwheat noodles, or the buckwheat plant and flour.

Humble term for one’s own grandmother

The sky above, or the state of emptiness, vacancy, and availability.

That (near the listener) or it (referring to something previously mentioned).

And then, after that, or in addition.

Casual ‘well then’ or ‘in that case’ used to transition or say goodbye

So, therefore, or and then.

Well then, right then, or in that case.

That kind of, like that, or no way.

Magazine or journal.

General time, a duration of hours, or a school class period.

The general term for a dictionary.

Earthquake

bicycle

Automobile or motor vehicle; the formal term for a car

Casual expression meaning well then, in that case, or see you.

The common potato; a starchy vegetable.

Casual form of ‘is not’ or a tag question meaning ‘…right?’

The number ten, or a count of ten things.

Official address or residence

Skillful; good at; flattery

Trousers or pants

(Not) at all (with negatives); totally or completely (casual usage).

All, everything, or the total amount; typically regarding objects.

Rice field; a common component in family names

Expresses a desire to perform an action.

High, tall, expensive, or high-pitched.

A lot, many, much, or enough.

“I’m home!”; also a formal adverb meaning right now, just now, or immediately.

Pluralizing suffix for people or groups

To stand up, be situated, depart, or be established.

Fun, enjoyable, or pleasant; describing an experience or activity.

Food; things to eat

To eat; to make a living.

Egg; a professional in the making or trainee

Onion; literally ‘ball green onion’.

Birthday

Tobacco or cigarettes

Small in size, quiet in volume, minor in importance, or young in age.

Small or little, used exclusively before a noun.

Near or close in distance, time, or similarity

Nearness in location, time, or quantity.

Subway; underground train system

To be different; to be wrong or incorrect.

The standard term for any map, whether physical or digital.

My father (humble form used when speaking to others)

Tea, or the color brown.

Brown (literally “tea color”)

Rice bowl or traditional tea cup.

An affectionate suffix added to names to indicate familiarity, similar to adding -ie or -y in English.

Junior high school student

Junior high school

A little bit, a short time, getting attention, or a polite refusal.

To use, employ, or spend resources such as tools, money, or time.

To become tired, exhausted, or worn out.

The moon or a calendar month.

The next or following item, time, or person in a sequence.

To arrive at a destination or take a seat

To be attached, stick to, be added, or turn on.

To turn on or light up (for lights, appliances, or fire).

A desk used for studying or work.

To make, create, cook, or grow.

To attach, apply, turn on, or add.

To turn on a device or light a fire

The physical substance of the ground, such as soil, dirt, or mud.

Boring, uninteresting, trivial, or insignificant.

Cold to the touch or unfriendly in attitude.

Physical strength, intense force, durability, or proficiency

To take a person or animal along to a place.

To bring a person or animal

Physical hand or arm, extending to abstract concepts of skill, method, effort, or control.

A physical letter or written note.

Gloves or mittens

Weather, or good weather.

Connects nouns, marks a partner, quotes speech, or indicates an inevitable result.

Familiar term for father, used when addressing him directly.

Far or distant in space, time, or relationship.

Means time or hour, functioning as ‘when’ for occasions or ‘o’clock’ for specific times.

Sometimes; occasionally.

The general term for a clock or watch.

Place, location, abstract aspect, or specific moment in time.

Year, age, or counter for years.

Library

Very or extremely; absolutely impossible or by no means when paired with a negative.

Next to, adjacent, or neighbor.

To fly, jump, rush, or skip.

To stop moving, cease functioning, or perch.

The general, everyday term for a friend.

General term for a bird; refers to chicken meat in a culinary context.

To take, pick up, obtain, or remove.

To take a photograph or record video.

Playing cards; Donald Trump

Casual copula meaning ‘is’, ‘am’, or ‘are’.

Means big or large, acts as an intensifier, or serves as an abbreviation for university.

Stand, platform, counter for machines, or numerical range

University or college

University or college student

Intense dislike or hatred.

Japanese white radish, or slang for a clumsy actor.

Safe, problem-free, or okay; often used to politely decline offers.

To love or really like something.

So, therefore, or that is why.

To take out, submit, produce, or suddenly start an action.

No good, useless, or not allowed

The standard question word for who.

Someone, somebody, or anybody.

to no one (in negative contexts) or to everyone

No one when used with negative verbs; everyone or anyone when used with positive verbs.

Indicates the location of an action, means, reason, scope, or connects attributes.

To go out; to leave home or one’s base.

To be able to do, to be finished or ready, or to come into existence.

An exit or way out.

Polite expression indicating probability or seeking agreement

Polite equivalent of “is,” “am,” or “are.”

Polite conjunction meaning ‘so’ or ‘therefore’.

Polite ‘but’ or ‘however’ used to contrast ideas or soften a remark

Well then, in that case, or marking a contrast.

Is not; am not; are not.

Polite expression meaning well then, see you later

But; even; or something; forms ‘any-’ meanings when attached to question words.

To exit, leave, appear, or come out.

Electricity, or an electric light.

Electric train; the standard word for trains used in daily travel.

Telephone device or phone call

The question word for “how” or “what about,” or the formal term for “depending on.”

Standard, polite expression for you’re welcome.

Used to ask “What happened?” or “What’s the matter?” concerning a person or situation.

why, for what reason, or how come

Please, go ahead, or here you are.

Animal; the standard, general-purpose term for any living creature.

Casual thanks, hello, or apology; somehow or for some reason

Where, what place, or which part

Somewhere, or in some respects.

Nowhere or not anywhere (used with negative verbs)

Means ‘both’ in positive contexts and ‘neither’ in negative contexts.

Polite way to ask who, where, or which one.

Someone or anyone (polite)

Which or what kind of

How much, how long, or to what extent

Saturday

How much, how long, or how far; inquiring about extent, quantity, or duration.

What kind of; what sort of

Connects na-adjectives to nouns, signals strong prohibition, or adds sentence-ending emotion and agreement.

Suffix for verb negation or adjective indicating non-existence.

Inside, medium, during, or throughout.

Long (in physical distance or duration of time)

To make a sound (animals), such as barking, meowing, or chirping.

Must do; have to; cannot do without.

The summer season.

Summer vacation or summer break.

The number seven.

Seven things or seven years old

“What,” or “how many” when used with counters.

Something, anything, or for some reason.

Nothing or not anything (used with negative verbs).

Name

To learn a skill from someone or take lessons

To become, turn into, or consist of.

How many times

Interrogative meaning ‘what time’ for specific hours or ‘when’ generally.

How many hours

Why (reason) or how (by what means).

how many times; how many degrees

Interrogative asking what day of the month or how many days.

Question word representing ‘how many people’ or ‘what nationality’ depending on reading.

Some people or a few people

“How many years” or “what year”

“How many minutes” or “what minute”

Marks a specific target, destination, point in time, or location of existence.

The number two, used as both an abstract digit and a counter for physical objects.

Older brother, or an informal address for a young man.

Lively, bustling, or animated; full of people and activity.

Meat; physical flesh.

The cardinal direction west.

West exit or entrance

Sunday

Japan

The Japanese language

Japanese person or people

Also to, even at, or even in

Luggage, packages, bags, or belongings.

A garden or yard attached to a house.

Carrot

To take off clothes, shoes, or accessories

Seeks agreement, confirmation, softens requests, or gets attention

To sleep, go to bed, or lie down.

Familiar term for older sister or informal address for a young woman.

The general term for a cat.

price or cost

The physical sensation of being sleepy or drowsy.

To sleep, go to bed, or lie down.

Suffix indicating student grade or year

Indicates possession (‘s/of), connects nouns, nominalizes phrases, or marks an explanation.

Connects a reason to a result as an objective fact, creating a soft and polite tone.

To go up, rise, reach a quantity, or come up in discussion.

Drink; beverage

To drink liquids or take medicine.

vehicle or amusement park ride

To get on, ride, join in, or fall for

Physical notebook, written notes, or laptop computer

Tooth; teeth (of a mouth, saw, or comb)

Polite yes, acknowledgement, or response

Counter for cups or bowls of liquid and food; also refers to a sake cup.

To enter a place, join a group, or be contained within.

To wear or put on items on the lower body (legs/feet)

A box, case, or container.

Scissors or shears

A pair of chopsticks used for eating.

To run, travel (vehicles), or extend along a path.

To begin or start (intransitive)

For the first time; only after.

Nice to meet you

To intentionally start something or to begin doing an action.

To work at a job or to function/operate.

The number eight.

Flower or blossom; figuratively, the prime or best part of something.

Nose

A talk, conversation, story, or specific topic under discussion.

To speak, talk, or tell

fireworks

Cherry blossom viewing, typically involving a picnic or party.

Flower shop or florist

Humble term for one’s own mother.

Early in time or schedule; fast or quick.

Adverb meaning early, soon, or quickly.

Spring, or the prime of one’s life.

Spring break; the school vacation between academic years

Sunny weather or a formal, celebratory occasion

Half of a noun or half-past the hour.

Half or halfway; one of two equal parts.

Sun, day, or Japan.

Fire, flame, a light, or the abbreviation for Tuesday.

The cardinal direction east.

Counter for small to medium-sized animals

To pull, subtract, draw a line, catch a cold, or look up a word.

To play (string or keyboard instruments), or to flick/repel

Low in height, position, or degree; short.

Airplane or plane.

Left; the left side or direction.

Person, people counter, or nationality suffix

One general object or unit; used for counting, listing points, or making light suggestions.

One person; alone.

Alone or by oneself

Free time, spare time, or the state of not being busy.

one hundred

The rounded Japanese script used for native words and grammar.

Noon, daytime, or lunch.

Lunch; the midday meal.

Lunch break

Spacious, wide, or broad in scope

Clothes, clothing, or an outfit.

To blow (wind, breath) or play a wind instrument.

Two things; the generic counter for two.

Two people, a pair, or a couple.

Japanese bedding set consisting of a mattress and quilt laid on the floor

Winter

Winter vacation or winter break.

To fall (rain, snow, etc.)

Old or outdated; applies to objects and ideas, not people.

Bath, bathtub, bathroom, or the act of bathing

Represents a minute of time or a specific portion or share.

Counter for a duration of minutes

Unskillful or poor at an activity.

Room, or one’s apartment/flat.

Direction, side, or choice; method of doing or polite person.

Besides, in addition to, or other than.

Star (celestial body, shape, or celebrity) or criminal suspect.

To want something, or to want someone to do something.

Thin, slender, or narrow.

Book, counter for long objects, or prefix meaning ‘this’ or ‘main’.

Bookshelf / bookcase

Truth, reality, or the interjection ‘really’ used for confirmation.

Really or truly; used for emphasis or to ask for confirmation.

Bookstore or bookshop.

Numerical order, one’s turn, or watch duty

Evening, night, or a counter for nights.

Assigned number used for identification or ordering, distinct from quantity or counting.

Dinner or the evening meal.

Ordinal suffix indicating position in a sequence, like ‘-th’.

Part-time job

General term for any medical facility, covering both hospitals and clinics.

Sickness, illness, or disease.

grape; grapevine