JLPT N4 Elementary
のだ
Adds an explanatory nuance to provide a reason, context, or realization.
Readings
Other forms
んだ casual/spoken form
のです polite form
1 Sentence-ending particle
Explaining 'Why' or 'How'
Contextualizes a statement as an explanation or reason for a prior topic or question.
Example
A どうして 遅れた の ？
B 電車 が 遅れた ん だ 。
[A:] Why were you late? [B:] It's because the train was delayed.
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2 Sentence-ending particle (used with か or の)
Asking for an Explanation
Transforms a question into a request for the reasoning or background behind an observation.
Usage notes & examples
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3 Sentence-ending particle
Stating a Discovery
Expresses a strong sense of realization or affirmation regarding a fact derived from context.
Usage notes & examples
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